After the success of Chen Qiyuan’s industry in the Northeast, his eyes soon entered this area. Because of the great importance, the railway will be built in the Northeast. If the Northeast Railway is not built, the Russians will build the railway here.
Section five hundred and ninety-one Dongqing Railway
The construction of the Northeast Railway was negotiated with the Qing government after the capture of Beixun in 165.
Great achievements have been made in Dalian port management, and at the same time, the power to build a railway from Dalian to the Russian border has been gained.
Because the Russians are opposed to reaching an agreement with Russia, the construction of this railway leading to the Russian border must be approved by Russia, and the route must be approved by Russia, and priority should be given to Russian technology
At that time, Russia’s request was easily agreed. The main reason was that at that time, Gengen was unable to build railways and was not interested in investing huge sums of money to build railways in Manchu territory.
However, the Russians became more and more interested in building railways and gave many suggestions. They suggested building a railway line from Dalian to Chaktu, a trading city. Russia imported tea from China. Whether it was from Hankou, the territory of the Qing Dynasty, or Fujian, the big territory, now they all went by water until Tianjin landed, and then by land through Zhangjiakou to Chaktu and then into Russia.
Joining a railway from Dalian port to Qiatu, Russian businessmen don’t have to take the expensive land from Tianjin to Qiatu. You know, a large part of it passes through the desolate Gobi and grassland in Mongolia, and it is very dangerous to encounter countless bandits and horse thieves. Insurance alone is a big achievement.
However, Da always responded positively to Russian suggestions, but he was not sure about the timetable for building the railway, which has been delayed for ten years now.
The Russians can’t drag on because they feel more and more that they need a railway to expand their interests in the East.
After the Second Opium War, Russia achieved great commercial benefits, not only through the China-Mongolia region, but also through the coastal ports of China, the most important of which was Hankou, because it was the largest production base of Shanxi merchants’ tea trade with Russia.
In addition, Russia has also achieved great preferential tax rates. For example, according to the Charter of Land Trade with Russia, Russia has achieved a tax rate of one-third lower than that of other countries in Tianjin, and has also achieved a re-import tax on Russian goods except those entering Tianjin Sea, so that Russia can directly set up a tea factory in Wuhan to produce tea, then pay taxes from Wuhan to Tianjin and then take land to Chaktu.
Taking the waterway from Wuhan to Tianjin greatly saved the expensive land transportation, and the Russians soon gained the absolute advantage of the Shanxi merchants’ tea shops, which were able to transport camels and bear a higher tax rate than foreigners. The number of tea directly imported by Russia without going through Shanxi merchants increased steadily, from about 1.65 million pounds in 165 years to 60,000 pounds in 167, which increased by five times in two years, and the Shanxi merchants were driven out of the Sino-Russian tea trade trend.
The business level and ability of Shanxi merchants, the most powerful business group in China, are obviously not lost to the business level. In Europe, Russian merchants are biased. Without the support of state power, Shanxi merchants camel teams crisscross the desert, north and south Tianshan Mountains, and east and west monopolized the trade in Central Asia for a long time. The trade power can be extended to Afghanistan to the grassland in Central Asia.
However, with the Russian military expansion, Russian businessmen followed the Cossack army step by step and eroded the commercial interests of Central Asia, driving Shanxi businessmen out of Central Asia, and now they are forced to a desperate situation in their hometown.
Is the level of Shanxi merchants really much lower than that of the last Russian merchants in Europe? Of course, it is impossible because the Qing government is an asshole. When Russian merchants built waterways, the Qing court also hoped to take waterways, but it was rejected by the Qing court, because once Shanxi merchants took waterways, they would not receive rich profits after passing through 63 cards. The card-drawing tax and extortion by local officials made Shanxi businessmen not only bear ten times the tax revenue of Russian businessmen, but also spend huge sums of money to maintain various violent forces such as officials and bandits along the way.
Ten times the tax is on Shanxi businessmen. Obviously, they can’t compete with business gangs, because they may all pay higher taxes than Fang Cheng. How can they compete?
In the difficult 16 years, the Shanxi merchants’ group put forward the slogan that Russia will come to Daqing to compete for profits, and Shanxi merchants will also compete for profits in North Russia, and asked the Qing government for permission, and gave an attractive reason that Shanxi merchants can organize Russians to go south. This slogan was targeted. At that time, the Russian tsar asked the Qing government to release Zhangjiakou, a new land port for Russian merchants, and the Qing government was worried that Russia would infiltrate south, so it agreed to the proposal of Shanxi merchants going north to Russia.
Shanxi merchants are the most mature business groups in China. Obviously, it took them 16 years to apply to the Qing court for leaving North Russia. But Xu Rongcun saw Shanxi merchants in St. Petersburg as early as 164 when he went to Russia to talk about Alaska trading. Obviously, Shanxi merchants had been in the layout for several years before applying to the Qing government.
The layout of Shanxi merchants was very effective. As a result, the Qing government allowed them to enter Russia to do business in the north. In the first year of 169, Shanxi merchants imported 110,000 tons of tea to Russia. In this year, Russian merchants imported 110,000 tons of tea themselves. It can be said that Shanxi merchants in the north of Russia had chased the level of Russian business for several years in the first year, and in the third year, in 171, Shanxi merchants imported 20,000 tons of Russian tea, which was twice as much as that of Russian merchants. It can be said that Shanxi merchants quickly defeated Russian merchants in the commercial competition with Russian merchants
In this process, the Qing government helped them only by allowing them to enter Russia, but the tax rate was reduced by half, but it was still five times that of Russian businessmen. It can be said that Shanxi businessmen were burdened with five times the tax rate when they operated in China. They competed with Russian businessmen as they did, and they were able to suppress the Russians in this unfavorable situation. That’s because they gained an advantage in a policy operation with Russian businessmen in Kishan, Russia, and made up for their disadvantage at the border.
Sadly, obtaining preferential policies in the national law can gain great advantages in the other country just because it is not suppressed.
Under the great pressure of Shanxi merchants, Russian businessmen have repeatedly lobbied the government to hope that the government can build a railway between the Qing port and the Russian border, so that it will be easier for them to transport goods from China to Russia from the sea and then to Russia by Siberian convenient water.
Russian businessmen suggested that the shortest and most convenient route from Tianjin to Qiatu should be built, but the Manchu Dynasty was closed and even Zhangjiakou was not given to the Russians. How could it be accepted that the Russians would build a railway through Beijing and Tianjin, the core area of the Manchu Dynasty? Unless the Russians can directly attack Beicuo City as big as they are, it is estimated that the Qing court will accept any conditions in the case of occupying the Forbidden City.
It was not until the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 that Russia gained the power to build railways in the northeast, that is, the famous Nanman and Beiman railways in later generations were called Dongqing railways at that time.
However, this history has made a railway construction in Dalian, which led to Russia’s greater ambition to build a railway. After being successfully aroused, Russia looked for opportunities and planned to seek the same conditions and obtain a railway construction.
It was not until 17 years that they found this opportunity. Several Russians died in the Tianjin religious case. The Russians negotiated with the Qing court. In the end, the Russians easily let go of the demand for severe sanctions against the Qing court. They didn’t ask the Qing court to apologize, because they got a special thing from Li Hongzhang, that is, to build a railway from Qiatu to Bohai Sea.
However, the Qing court imposed restrictions on the Russians, who were required to build railways so that they could walk outside and never cross the side walls.
This greatly limits the Russian railway site selection. There are not many excellent ports outside Yingkou, but where is the British sphere of influence? Dalian is a big control port, and there is no place for the Russians to transport goods to Russia even if a railway is built without a port.
In this case, the Russians decided to negotiate with Dalian, hoping to connect this railway to Dalian, a mature port that has been sent out, so that goods can be directly landed from Dalian and then directly imported into Russia. In this process, goods such as tea will not go through the port controlled by Qing court officials, and they will not deal with as many local forces as grassland cows. The most important thing is that it will give Russian businessmen a huge competitive advantage over Shanxi businessmen and other business groups in China.
However, the Russians know very well that they have to pay the price for Dahe, but compared with Russia’s dislike of the British people’s need to give British benefits at Yingkou Niuzhuang Port, Russia believes that the big appetite will be smaller and easier to feed.
Building a railway from Dalian to the Russian border in the past is really just talk, because Zhu Jinglun’s construction of such a railway in a short period of time can help Russia infiltrate the Manchu Dynasty, and Daji can’t have any special interests, because it is impossible to infiltrate into Russia.
It’s just Zhu Jinglun’s "blocking" strategy, hoping to use such a force to check and balance foreigners’ possible gains.
Now it can’t be stopped, because the Russians have achieved the same strength. If it doesn’t work out, the Russians can repair it themselves.
At the port, the Russians don’t go to Dalian, but they can also go to Yingkou. The British have special interests here, but this is not a British colony after all, and the British will not refuse to cooperate with Russia if they want to give Britain enough benefits.
The most terrible thing is that Russia will not cooperate with Great Britain, but will seek to control a port of Manchu territory independently, or they can build this railway from Vladivostok or other Japanese ports that they have occupied.
After Zhu Jinglun Heng discovered it, he promised to cooperate with Russia to allow the Russian railway to connect to Dalian port, so as to gain the greatest influence on this railway.
As far as Russia is concerned, it is of great significance for Russia to build the railway to Dalian, the only ice-free port near Bohai Bay, than to build a port like Vladivostok or a port like Yingkou and Tianjin that has a freezing period every year. Dalian is not frozen in winter because of the influence of the daily warm current, so it can be used in weather.
However, in the negotiations with the Russians, Daxie met other requirements. They hoped that Russia would agree to let Daxie and the Russians jointly operate the railway, and the two sides would form a joint team, which would be more convenient for the distinguished guests of China and Russia and make the railway more profitable.
In order to get the joint operation power, we are willing to build half of the funds for this railway, and at the same time, we will give up building a railway line that competes with this railway from Dalian. In other words, if the Russians don’t agree, they will build a parallel railway near the Qiatu Railway to compete with this Russian railway.
The Russians agreed that the construction of the Siberian Railway will bring a huge burden to the national treasury because of the tight capital of the Russians. The length of the railway line from Qiketu to Dalian is absolutely not short, and the cost is an astronomical figure, which is likely to exceed 100 million taels of silver. In this case, it is not a bad thing to share the construction funds. Anyway, it must be Russian businessmen who will benefit the most from the railway after it is repaired.
So the two sides reached an agreement to invest half of the construction cost, but all the construction workers will set up a Russian employee and a Chinese employee in each post to receive customers from both countries after the Russian technicians control but send people to supervise the railway operation.
Just after reaching a joint construction of the Chaktu-Dalian line with Russia, it was decided to start the construction of the northeast railway, and the railway construction from Dalian to the Russian border was greatly owned. Giving up the direction force to Chaktu does not mean giving up other direction forces, so it is necessary to build a railway force from Dalian to the north and directly to the Heilongjiang River Basin in the north.
For Zhu Jinglun, after he got the railway construction from Russia, he felt that he couldn’t stop the Russians. Today, the Russians can build a railway from Qikatu to Dalian, and they will lose their appetite. Once they want to stop him from expanding in the northeast, it is almost impossible.
Since we can’t stop it, we should simply retreat into passive defense and take the initiative to attack before Russia has the ability and ambition to infiltrate the northeast.
Section five hundred and ninety-two Heavy industry in spring
In 175, it was almost a railway year. In this year, three railway construction plans were finalized, namely Yunnan Railway, Chaketu Railway and Dongqing Railway, and China was building railways and made a breakthrough.
After passing through the Meiling mountains, in the gentle hilly area of Jiangxi Province, we have experienced great potential by referring to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway and then personally presiding over the breakthrough of the Meiling mountains. The Guangzhou-Jiang (Jiujiang) Railway has made great progress, and this year it was built from Ganjiang to Ji’ an.
On the other hand, it is difficult to build a section from Jiujiang to the south, passing through the dense water network in Panyang Lake area and pushing the railway to Nanchang. Even the most difficult section is over. Even the most conservative estimate is that the railway will be docked near Xinyu before the end of the year, and it will be open to traffic at most in the following year.
From 171 to 177, it took seven years to complete the first long-distance railway, which is difficult, but it will be a team of young railway engineers who will really be able to build the railway by themselves after the railway is over.
The plan of the big government is that after the completion of the Guangjiang Railway, the technicians will go to other directions and build it at the same time. It has been planned for a long time to go from Guangzhou to Guilin, from Guangzhou to Fuzhou, and then through Zhejiang to connect with the coastal railway and the Northeast Railway. Yunnan Railway will obviously enter a peak period of railway construction in the next few years, and the railway-related industries will usher in a period of rapid development.
It can be said that the spring of the big machinery manufacturing industry is finally coming.
The development of large heavy industry is still very weak, but the technical strength is not low. The representative arsenal of heavy industry is an example, but in the railway construction industry, the arsenal is not the biggest beneficiary. The biggest beneficiary should be Schneider, a big investment steel giant years ago.
Schneider company entered Dalian in 169, which is an industrial giant with strong capital and technology. After being forced to accept the investment of the Ministry of Industry, it sold 51% of its shares and accepted other partners of the Ministry of Industry, and then it developed tepidly.
所不温不火不是法国人对投资大没兴趣而不肯扩大公司规模而是实在找不到市场施耐德在法国是一家工业巨头主要产业有三块第一是钢铁工业它是法国最大钢铁制造商第二是火车机器制造业它是法国第一家生产出蒸汽机车公司第三则是各种机器产业它是实蒸汽锻锤发者
但是大没有优质煤炭和铁矿资源前就靠着从越南北部进口少量铁矿、煤矿满足了兵工厂炼钢炉需求最优质钢铁还需要从瑞典和英国进口矿石甚成
越北地区铁矿生产连兵工厂都法满足更不说规模更大野心也更大施耐德了所施耐德进入大前五年基都在原料缺乏而发愁
让施耐德迎来第一个发展春天是173年法越战争在这场战争中施耐德近水楼台先得月接到了法国印度支那殖民地舰队维修合同在战争期軍队显然是一笔不错生意
但这是胃菜算不什么春天战争后法国在越南取得利益才是施耐德发展春天路第一缕清风因法越战争后条约法国人现在可直接去越北地区晋商了施耐德可直接去越南北方盛产铁矿太原等山区省份采铁矿石了
当他们赶去时候却发现大兵工厂再一次捷足先登了法国人发现兵工厂早就跟在这一带山区荒中国移民群体达成了协议通过这些移民群体将发现铁矿矿山都圈占了起来